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`Abdu'l-Bahá's journeys to the West were a series of trips `Abdu'l-Bahá undertook starting at the age of 67 from Palestine to the West from 1910 to 1913. `Abdu'l-Bahá, the son of Bahá'u'lláh, founder of the Bahá'í Faith, was imprisoned at the age of 8 and suffered various degrees of privation most of his life. He was appointed as the successor and head of the Bahá'í Faith upon the death of his father on 29 May 1892. Sixteen years later he was suddenly freed at the age of 64 as a ramification of the Young Turk Revolution in 1908. At the time of his release, the major centres of Bahá'í population and scholarly activity were mostly in Iran, with other large communities in Baku, Azerbaijan, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, and Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Meanwhile in the Occident the religion had been introduced in the late 1890s in several locales, however by 1910 the religion's followers still numbered less than a few thousand across the entire West.〔 `Abdu'l-Bahá thus took steps to personally present the Bahá'í teachings to the West by travelling to Europe and North America. His first excursion outside of Palestine and Iran was to Egypt in 1910 where he stayed for around a year, followed by a near five-month trip to France and Great Britain in 1911. After returning to Egypt, he left on a trip to North America which lasted nearly 8 months. During that trip he visited many cities across the United States, from major metropolitan areas on the eastern coast of the country, to cities in the midwest, and California on the west coast; he also visited Montreal in Canada. Following his trip in North America he visited various countries in Europe, including France, Britain and Germany for six months, followed by a six-month stay again in Egypt, before returning to Haifa.〔 With his visits to the West, the small Western Bahá'í community was given a chance to consolidate and embrace a wider vision of the religion; the religion also attracted the attention of sympathetic attention from both religious, academic, and social leaders as well as in newspapers which provided significant coverage of `Abdu'l-Bahá's visits. During his travels `Abdu'l-Bahá would give talks at the homes of Bahá'ís, at hotels, and at other public and religious sites, such as the Lake Mohonk Conference on International Arbitration, the Bethel Literary and Historical Society, at the NAACP, at Howard and Stanford universities, and at various Theosophical Societies, among others. `Abdu'l-Bahá talks across the West also became an important addition to the body of Bahá'í literature.〔 In succeeding decades after his visit the American community substantially grew and then spread across South America, Australasia, Subsaharan Africa and the Far East. During these journeys Bahiyyih Khánum, his sister, was given the position of acting head of the religion. ==Trip to Egypt== `Abdu'l-Bahá left Haifa for Port Said, Egypt on 29 August 1910. Earlier on that day he had accompanied two pilgrims to the Shrine of the Báb, and then he headed down to the port in the city where at around 4pm he set sail on the steamer "Kosseur London" and then telegrammed the Bahá'ís in Haifa that he was in Egypt. `Abdu'l-Bahá stayed in the city for around one month where Bahá'ís from Cairo came to visit him. On 1 October, `Abdu'l-Bahá again set sail; his intention was to go to Europe, but because of his poor health, he instead landed in Alexandria where he stayed for nearly eight months. While in Egypt there was increasingly positive coverage of him and the Bahá'ís from various Egyptian news outlets.〔 While in Alexandria he met with a larger number of people. In November he met with Briton Wellesley Tudor Pole who later became a Bahá'í. He also was visited by Russian/Polish Isabella Grinevskaya who also became a Bahá'í. In late April Louis Gregory, an Africa-American who had gone on Bahá'í pilgrimage, met with `Abdu'l-Bahá while he was in the suburb of Ramleh. Later in May `Abdu'l-Bahá moved to Cairo and got more favourable press coverage, including from Al-Ahram. During his time there he met the Mufti of Egypt, with Abbas II of Egypt, the Khedive of Egypt.〔 Finally on 11 August 1911 `Abdu'l-Bahá left Egypt towards Europe. He boarded the ''SS Corsican'', an Allan Line Royal Mail Steamer towards the port of Marseilles, France accompanied by secretary Mírzá Mahmúd, and personal assistant Khusraw. Memoirs that cover the periods in Egypt include 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「`Abdu'l-Bahá's journeys to the West」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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